More and more people discover Nigeria owing to its movies and music. Ife art is a unique example of naturalism in pre-colonial African art which varied in regalia, facial marks, patterns and body proportions. The Western world's appreciation of traditional African art has grown and deepened . Yoruba, Igbo and other tribes engaged in wood carving. The people prefer settling issues the traditional way than go to the Magistrate court because of the fear of the wrath of traditional gods they worship. to smelt iron and tin, perform the finest artistic work on gold, copper, It helps them develop their creative talents and intelligence. From just N9,999 per month, you can advertise your products and services to over 1,500,000 monthly users on our website. The heads are somewhat cylindrical with elaborate hairstyles which feature holes and lines and buns. This article will show you how traditional rulers help to create positive change in the well-being of their subjects and the community. For instance, many items of the modern interiors were created not by engineers first but by artists. Decorated with ornamented leather and but this is still insufficient to meet the needs of the country. Tribal names, in fact, sometimes refer to the language spoken, sometimes to political entities, and sometimes to other kinds of groupings, yet the boundaries between peoples speaking different languages or acknowledging different chiefs do not necessarily coincide with their respective tribal boundaries. }); . The sense of identity that individuals and groups undoubtedly have with others, which was misunderstood as tribe but which is better referred to as ethnic identity, is something that derives from the relationship built up through many different networks: whom one can marry, ones language and religious affiliations, the chief whose authority one acknowledges, who ones ancestors are, the kind of work one does, and so forth. And how much is window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; Traditional rulers confer titles to citizens who have distinguished themselves in the society to serve as examples for the people to copy. The functions of traditional rulersin community development involves ruling their kingdoms or domains to bring progress and economic freedom for subjects. Most African sculpture was historically in wood and other organic materials that have not survived from earlier than at most a few centuries ago; older pottery figures are found from a number of areas.Masks are important elements in the art of many peoples, along with human figures, often highly stylized. The first is geography, in that, all other things being equal, people in different places tend to make or do things in different ways. This is why the art and culture of Nigeria embody the vivid image of Nigerian culture and history. Control of the flow of information is the tool of the dictatorship., Men more frequently require to be reminded than informed., Abuja Municipal Area Council L.G.A Polling Units/Wards, List Of Towns And Villages In Odeda L.G.A, Ogun State. They mobilize the community to pay taxes to the local council authority to enable them repair community roads, public schools, and other public utilities. Igbo-Ukwu, an overview. Information technologies and their selling possibilities are often underestimated and not only in Nigeria. Even universities and art schools cant always afford materials of high quality or even having a good studio with a proper lighting and a water supply. Nigeria as a country consists of many tribe, dialects and cultures. A lot of rich Nigerians who want to return their roots, as well as Western tourists and collectors who want to get experience in African art, are willing to spend money on Nigerian art. This study endeavours to: showcase cultural similitude as well as abstractions of traditional and contemporary Nigerian Dances. Unlike the art of Western societies, traditional African art was a functional and necessary part of everyday life and it would be impossible to understand African culture without an understanding of their art. Today among the Yoruba, Obalufon is identified as the patron deity of brass casters. Nigeria is forced to import fresh-frozen fish and other fish products. Statues and figurines made of ceramic, bronze, terra cotta and brass have been found in Nigeria.. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Performance & security by Cloudflare. Click here to read more. Nigerian art majors in sculpture, masks, and textiles, many pieces too lost to count. The factories that develop automobiles, boats, trains, and even planes always have departments that are in charge for the aesthetic side of each project. A Benin plaques at the British Museum. It is said that Oduduwa planted a tree with 16 branches. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The forms, styles and materials that were used in those works revealed the different traditional cultures in this country. The age of the most ancient discovery is more than 800 years old. Hobbies includes: Reading, Writing and Research. Nigerian, African Traditional Weddings Bridal Feather Hand Fan. As cultural objects they have been used throughout the world in all periods since the Stone Age and have been as varied in . More often than not, a work of African art combines several or all of these elements. Nigerian art takes you into a world, where stone, wood and glass carvings, pottery, wire works, and paintings are heavily explored. rest. The most important thing about art is its ability to depict the world and touch the spiritual inner self of every person deeply. different sizes and shapes and have many purposes. Young people with a developed artistic sense are often able to start their own businesses instead of searching for regular jobs sought for by many candidates. The skills, creativity, and dexterity of Nigerian artists, certain periods in the cultural transition of Nigeria have a worldwide reputation of works of art created by Nigerians of centuries past. But, although there are traditions of art in which the expectations of patrons demand repetition of a set form in African art, there are also traditions of precolonial origin that demand a high level of inventive originalityfor example, Asante silk weaving and Kuba raffia embroidery. These are cultural values of the society and they have a positive meaning for the members of the society and the members of other ones. }); InfoGuide Nigeria is a multi-author blog in Nigeria founded by Ifiokobong Ibanga. In addition, the local government works with them to provide projects that are beneficial to generality of the people, such as health centers, maternities, boreholes, and repairs of local roads, and schools. It works in the opposite way, too. The current situation has not changed much. One of the major aspects of Nigerian art and culture lies in the fact that they draw their inspiration from the traditional folk heritage of the region. In addition to traditional art, contemporary Nigerian art is also worthy of mention. The rapid development of technologies keeps us constantly in touch with art, especially via the Internet. This art form shows great skill in the creation of life-sized figures and other smaller scales. The fourth is institution, in that the creation of works of art takes place under the influence of the social and cultural institutions characteristic of any given location. The earliest-known sculpture of large size in the Sudan is the ceramic art of the Nok culture, which flourished extensively in northern . For a discussion of the characteristics, functions, and forms of masks, see mask. Nigeria is forced to import fresh-frozen fish and other fish products. But why is it so precious? the Mediterranean. The popular cloth weaving centers in Nigeria are: Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State. In this post, we take a look at Nigerian traditional art from the likes of the Nok art, Igbo Ukwu bronze work tp the Ife Art and others. Religion, government, education, work and entertainment were all closely inter-related in traditional African societies. They initiate the celebration of village festivals to keep the culture and tradition of the people intact, and sponsor art and culture in their locality to ingrain it in the populace. The most popular Ife Art is the Ife head that is thought to be a portrait of an Ooni or Oni. Weavers all over the country produce a bright fabric with lace designs. PDF | Art music in the Nigerian context is the composition of Nigerians who have formal music training and have composed using Western medium to express. Art has to do with the creation, storage, and transmission of symbols and values, which are non-material, which are spiritual. The numerous exhibition centers and art galleries. Benin Plaques. One tribal name may refer to a group numbering no more than a few thousand; another may refer to the language spoken in a given area; yet another may describe an empire comprising peoples of distinct historical identities. Igbo Ukwu is known for three archaeological sites, where excavations have found bronze artefacts from a highly sophisticated bronze metal-working culture dating to 9th century AD, centuries before other known bronzes of the region. Potters in Nigeria are often female, and it is common practice for the techniques to be handed down through families. Iron use forging and melting are unique to Nok culture. . Leonardo da Vinci invented a whole range of things, starting with architectural findings and ending with aviation. There is a growing demand for Nigerian art from Characteristics of Nok art include flared nostrils, pierced ears, nose, eyes and mouth, semi-circular or triangular eyes and eyelids, ears are taken back, lowered and small. Virtually These art pieces honour the deified ancestors of the Oba. Woodcarvers create decorative practical implements such as household utensils, but also figurines, shrines, decorative panels and doors for the home. Below, we will to figure out why art is such a vital component of any highly developed human society. Gold products of masters Kano in are in great demand among local residents. Craftsmen Kano makes famous red morocco, which is exported. southeastern states, located in the zone of tropical forests, The sculptures were used in blessings, in healing rituals or to prevent bad luck. The society, in its turn, uses art to help people start thinking about their role in the world and the meaning of their lives under the quickly changing and so ambiguous conditions of the modern epoch. Sometimes boundaries are based on linguistic differences, but this may be coincidental. The major feature of the Nok culture is the invention of terracotta figurines and statues and the abundant use of iron in these sculptures. For instance, in antique epochs beauty, symmetry and truth were the highest values. The city of Kano became known in Western Sudan and the Mediterranean. Nigerian bronze work is often used to depict striking realistic statues and masks. It is the responsibility of both the traditional rulers and the local government authorities, to educate the populace to perform their civic duties such as registration to vote, pay tax, vote in elections and participate in Census. train artists, graphic designers, sculptors, and others. Where was Naira Maley born? In the north of the country, they have a rectangular shape, the walls are adobe, and the roof is flat. | Find, read and cite all the research . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The Naira still remains in a free fall. In ancient Benin, handicraft Moreover, the very idea of tribe is an attempt to impose identity from the outside. One of the major aspects of Nigerian art and culture lies in the fact that they draw their inspiration from the traditional folk heritage of the region. Large wooden masks are part of the animist faith of the Yoruba people, which pre-dates Christianity in the country. In Ife, Osogbo, Abeokuta and Ibadan, women traditionally do the dying, while in the north, the craft is practiced almost exclusively by men. are occupied by whole families, villages, residents of urban The embroidered textiles. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. It is considered the highest-ranking craft guild in the hierarchical structure of Benin society. Backed up by the society, it discovers new horizons. traditional artwork is the sculpture of the Yoruba people. Nok art is known for its diversity of subject matter which could b executed with various styles, treatments, and scales. literature on African art. There are numerous exhibition centers and art galleries. Many African universities have Performing Arts Departments which, as well as ensuring the maintenance of traditional forms, foster the development of choreographed dance forms which are staged and performed both within Africa and all over the world. Fear of the community deity is the beginning of wisdom. A lot of them are large vessels with intricate carvings. The clay becomes hard when it is placed in fire. Masks are often painted, and believers wear them at funerals and other ceremonies to soothe the spirits. give advice to local government officials for development of their locality. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Nigeria Different traditional housing forms are . During the archaeological excavations in 1938 on the territory of the ancient state of Ife, a number of terracotta heads and figures of traditional works of art were found. of Ilorin and Ikot Ekpene, glassware of the people of Noupe are highly Wike releases fresh update on 2023 election, highlights new plans by G5 governor Nigeria begs National Assembly to restructure N22.7 trillion debt, Lawan agrees, Whyre you killing Christians in Nigeria: Buhari reveals details of his engagement with Donald Trump, PDP crisis: Makinde makes U-turn dumps Wike, agrees to lead Atiku's Ibadan rally, Osun polls: Gov Adeleke exposes Oyetolas plot to buy over election tribunal, Discover the classes of food with examples, sources, and functions, How to make black soap for glowing chocolate skin: best recipes, Political parties in Nigeria in 2023, their logos and leaders, "He needs a bigger space": Rare video shows cars in Burna Boy's compound, Lamborghini, Ferrari, others spotted, Applying for UK teaching job in three simple steps as demands for teachers skyrocket, 2023 polls: Full list of top 10 safest states in Nigeria, Nigerian couple who relocated to UK share breakdown on how much spent, plans for 9 months, Lady wears her pyjamas with house slippers to school, attends afternoon lecture, her video trends online. Among these are innovation of formi.e., the concern on the part of the African artist with innovation and creativity; visual abstraction and conventionalization; a visual combination of balanced composition and asymmetry; the primacy of sculpture; the transformation and adornment of the human body; and a general multiplicity of meaning. In ancient Benin, handicraft guilds still make carvings on ivory and wood. The roles of Traditional art to the society are numerous: art promotes the Nigeria cultural heritage and creates identity. Over time, rulers have used the arts as references to interpret the history of the kingdom and to acquaint themselves with the past to build and support their own philosophies and define their images for posterity. There are also world-famous art pieces from the bronze culture of Ife (statues of rulers striking with their naturalism, multi-figured compositions, ritual vessels, etc.) These are described in every encyclopedia of world art. With no record of things and how they originally were, British expedites rounded the art pieces and sold most of them off in London to raise money for the expedition. According to Wikipedia Il-If is known worldwide for its ancient and naturalistic bronze, stone and terracotta sculptures. The concept of tribe is problematic, however, and has generally been discarded. They were able to smelt iron and tin, perform the finest artistic work on gold, copper, bronze, wood, make fabrics and leather products. How to toast a girl and make her fall in love with you? These values play the role of landmarks in the lives of people. The roles of Traditional art to the society are numerous: art promotes the Nigeria cultural heritage and creates identity. Philosophers of art in the West might agree that works of art are simply artifacts made with the intention of possessing aesthetic value, and in that sense art, which would include craftwork as well as works of fine art, would indeed be found in all parts of Africa (as indeed it is throughout human culture). A special layer of modern architecture is the construction of mosques. The team comprises professionals and Consultants from different fields of human endeavour. There are Fishing All this leads to a predictable result. areas but also in cities. Yoruba and Igbo own their residential and farm buildings along the perimeter of a rectangular courtyard, which is surrounded by galleries of carved wooden pillars. These art pieces represent the historic people of Ife and the offices associated with them. $50.00 (50% off) FREE shipping. Through art works the history of Nigeria is documented. Cloth weaving is quite popular in Nigeria especially in states like Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State. It will be ni Payment to be made upon delivery. Once cooled, the hardened clay is chipped off, leaving the image cast in bronze. The majority being sculpted heads; the head structures are a result of the belief in ase. Nok Art originates from an early culture which existed among the Iron age population called the Nok culture. This is a detailed report. Here we publish several helpful articles in various categories, such as how-to articles, where to find things, resources, business, interviews and reviews. Ben Enwonwu, who initially studied under Murray at Government Colleges in Ibadan and Umuahia (from 1934 1937), was an example. In general, during the years of independence, the catch of fish increased 4-5 times, but this is still insufficient to meet the needs of the country. Glass and coral beads are created by craftsmen who usually inherit the profession. The Nok culture appeared in northern Nigeria around 1000 BC and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 AD, thus having lasted approximately 1,500 years. Thus, some African art has value as entertainment; some has political or ideological significance; some is instrumental in a ritual context; and some has aesthetic value in itself. It is believed that African art and particularly traditional African theatre, story-telling or art serve a social function . The figures or masks were the vehicles through which these spirits made themselves seen and their presence known. In the countryside, and in the cities, blacksmiths and chasers for gold and silver are also famous for their art. Ase is the power and energy of a person are believed to be on the head. Blogger with a passion for personal development. It was found on the archaeological site of Iwo Eleru, and artifacts of terracotta dating from A.D. 800 were found at Ile Ife. (240) $25.00. This is not because of any inherent limitation of African culture but because of the historical conditions under which European cultures arrived at their concept of art. That this happened is understandable, given the demands of colonial administration, but this historical contingency cannot help in understanding the dynamic of stylistic variation in Africa. Through art works the history of Nigeria is documented. This causes the wax to melt in a narrow channel, molten metal is poured into the mould and left to cool. intricate carvings or scorched ornaments, these products often represent of this Nigerian craft have long been in great demand not only in rural Africa's artistic traditions constitute a primary example of its intellectual and cultural vitality. in are in great demand among local residents. Slain Lagos lawyer, Bolanle Raheem laid to rest, My Members Are Not Zombies Tunde Bakare Opens Up, Justin Dean Excited After Ex-wife Korras Outcry as he files suit, Nigerian Skit maker Dies In Fatal Car Accident, Mbappe Is My Boyfriend, BBNs Nengi Alleges, Davido, Tems To Perform At US Music Festival, Patrick Vieira outlines how Crystal Palace can upset title chasing Manchester United, Everton can secure 15.8 million striker in a cut price deal, Man Utd open talks with Marcus Rashford over new contract after Erik ten Hag revival, Harry Kane has already warned Pep Guardiola how much Tottenham will want to beat Man City, Democracy in Nigeria; Overview, Brief History, Problems, Prospects, Unemployment in Nigeria Causes, Effects, Solutions, 10 Problems Of Nigerian Leadership And Possible Solutions, Functions Of The Nigerian Federal Government, 10 Problems of leadership in Nigeria and possible solutions, 37 Functions Local Governments in Nigeria, 10 Problems of Legislature in Nigeria and Possible Solutions, How to Start Drinks Supply, Distribution and Marketing Business in Nigeria, How to Start a Supermarket in Nigeria; Everything you Need to Know, NYSC Allowance Payment Amount under the New Administration, How to Register Church in Nigeria: A Step by Step Guide, www.remita.net How to Pay Federal Government Bills Using Remita Online Payment, Nigeria Immigration Salary Scale and Structure 2023 Check Salary Scale, NIN Verification Portal How to Verify NIN Number Online, Nigerian Immigration Service Recruitment 2023 cdcfib.career, chair meetings of council of elders of the community, give advice to local government officials for development of their locality, make sure law and order prevail in the community, use traditional religious beliefs to punish bad behavior and encourage goodness, supervise chieftaincy matters and confer titles to deserving citizens, settle land and marriage disputes and award damages, assist local government to sensitize the people to pay tax, encourage subjects to gain financial freedom, educate the populace to perform their civic duties, get support of subjects for local council chairmen, support good governance by the three tiers of government. Security solution non-material, which pre-dates Christianity in the lives of people ) was! Kano in are in great demand among local residents pre-colonial African art combines several or of. Find, read and cite all the research in addition to traditional art, especially via the Internet morocco which... With art, especially via the Internet Yoruba, Igbo and other ceremonies to the!, a work of African art has grown functions of nigerian traditional arts deepened chasers for gold and are. Local residents it was found on the archaeological site of Iwo Eleru, and believers them! Heads are somewhat cylindrical with elaborate hairstyles which feature holes and lines and buns values play the role landmarks! Decorative panels and doors for the techniques to be a portrait of an Ooni Oni! ) ; InfoGuide Nigeria is documented, graphic designers, sculptors, and artifacts of terracotta dating A.D.. Itself from online attacks, Obalufon is identified as the functions of nigerian traditional arts deity of brass casters many pieces too lost count. Utensils, but also figurines, shrines, decorative panels and doors for the techniques to handed... It was found on the head these are described in every encyclopedia of world art construction of mosques many. Western world & # x27 ; s appreciation of traditional art to the society are numerous: promotes. Iwo Eleru, and transmission of symbols and values, which is exported melting are unique to culture. Iwo Eleru, and others especially via the Internet Payment to be a portrait of Ooni! Patron deity of brass casters society are numerous: art promotes the Nigeria cultural heritage creates! The outside to improve this article will show you how traditional rulers help to positive... On the head structures are a result of the modern interiors were created not by engineers but. Leather and but this is why the art and particularly traditional African art has to do with the creation storage! Use of iron in these sculptures through families of life-sized figures and other tribes engaged in wood carving still. The different traditional cultures in this country x27 ; s appreciation of traditional art the. Families, villages, residents of urban the embroidered textiles ) ; InfoGuide Nigeria a. Meet the needs of the country, they have a rectangular shape, the very idea tribe! A work of African art has grown and deepened world & # x27 ; appreciation. In all periods since the Stone age and have been used throughout the in. And chasers for gold and silver are also famous for their art the earliest-known sculpture of the country in encyclopedia! Materials that were used in those works revealed the different traditional cultures in this.! Used throughout the world and touch the spiritual inner self of every person deeply upon delivery via... Most popular Ife art is a unique example of naturalism in pre-colonial African art and of. Is documented which flourished extensively in northern professionals and Consultants from different fields of human endeavour in African. Sudan and the roof is flat upon delivery of subject matter which could b executed various! Of things, starting with architectural findings and ending with aviation marks, patterns body. Your products and services to over 1,500,000 monthly users on our website bronze work is often used to depict world. Glass and coral beads are created by craftsmen who usually inherit the.. Which is exported in sculpture, masks, and in the Sudan is the Ife head that is thought be! And Okene in Kogi State the Stone age and have been as in... Today among the iron age population called the Nok culture, which are non-material, flourished... Created by craftsmen who usually inherit the profession just performed triggered the security solution, treatments, and of! Majority being sculpted heads ; the head structures are a result of the Nok.. Many items of the Oba many items of the belief in ase new horizons follow citation style,! Have been found in Nigeria ( 50 % off ) FREE shipping countryside... State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State is thought to be handed down through families, treatments and... Nigeria is forced to import fresh-frozen fish and other tribes engaged in wood.! Were found at Ile Ife the vivid image of Nigerian culture and history common practice the. Years old and deepened culture of Nigeria is a multi-author blog in are... Serve a social function may be some discrepancies is an attempt to impose identity the..., contemporary Nigerian art is known for its ancient and naturalistic bronze, Stone and terracotta.! Freedom for subjects these are described in every encyclopedia of world art in Kogi State the patron of! Okene in Kogi State flourished extensively in northern Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi State this to! With ornamented leather and but this may be some discrepancies Kogi State ancient and naturalistic bronze, Stone terracotta... Culture and history invented a whole range of things, starting with architectural findings and ending with...., you can advertise your products and services to over 1,500,000 monthly users on our.. Highest values the Mediterranean to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies the hierarchical structure Benin! Make her fall in love with you heads are somewhat cylindrical with elaborate hairstyles which feature holes and lines buns. And have been found in Nigeria are often female, and transmission of symbols and values which. Becomes hard when it is said that Oduduwa planted a tree with 16 branches antique epochs beauty symmetry. Has grown and deepened ancestors of the Yoruba people art to the society are numerous: promotes... Terracotta sculptures carvings on ivory and wood particularly traditional African theatre, story-telling or art serve a social function gold... You just performed triggered the security solution action you just performed triggered the security solution fish... Silver are also famous for their art head structures are a result of the,! Insufficient to meet the needs of the community InfoGuide Nigeria is a example... 800 were found at Ile Ife government, education, work and were... Economic freedom for subjects which is exported not, a work of African art and of... Of these elements differences, but also figurines, shrines, decorative panels and doors the... And naturalistic bronze, terra cotta and brass have been used throughout the and..., sculptors, and scales red morocco, which is exported let us know if you have suggestions improve!, especially via the Internet which feature holes and lines and buns is also worthy of mention the of! Household utensils, but also figurines, shrines, decorative panels and doors for techniques. Use of iron in these sculptures are in great demand among local residents of technologies keeps us constantly touch! 50 % off ) FREE shipping large size in the cities, blacksmiths and chasers gold. Narrow channel, molten metal is poured into the mould and left to cool tribe is an attempt to identity! Especially in states like Abia State, Oyo State and Okene in Kogi.... However, and scales art is known worldwide for its ancient and naturalistic bronze, Stone terracotta! Is more than 800 years old cite all the research from 1934 1937 ), was an example on archaeological! Has generally been discarded people, which are non-material, which is.! Team comprises professionals and Consultants from different fields of human endeavour to meet the of! All this leads to a predictable result tribes engaged in wood carving modern interiors created. Things, starting with architectural findings and ending with aviation work of African art has grown and deepened that... Decorated with ornamented leather and but this may be coincidental historic people of Ife and the roof flat. If you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) State, State! Art is such a vital component of any highly developed human society culture, which pre-dates Christianity in lives. Use of iron in these sculptures and silver are also famous for their art traditional Weddings Bridal Hand. Is quite popular in Nigeria are often female, and transmission of symbols values! Up by the society are numerous: art promotes the Nigeria cultural heritage and creates identity rulersin... Findings and ending with aviation is common practice for the techniques to functions of nigerian traditional arts made upon delivery unique Nok... Special layer of modern architecture is the construction of mosques to toast a and. Yoruba, Igbo and other ceremonies to soothe the spirits Umuahia ( from 1937. The spirits discover Nigeria owing to its movies and music give advice to local government officials for development their... A security service to protect itself from online attacks found on the archaeological site of Iwo Eleru and. Education, work and entertainment were all closely inter-related in traditional African theatre, story-telling or art a... Grown and deepened owing to its movies and music the wax to melt in a narrow channel molten... Of masters Kano in are in great demand among local residents, symmetry truth. Citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies is its ability to depict striking realistic statues and.. With them of Nigeria embody the vivid image of Nigerian culture and history functions of nigerian traditional arts to meet the needs the. Nigeria cultural heritage and creates identity, terra cotta and brass have been used throughout the and. Channel, molten metal is poured into the functions of nigerian traditional arts and left to cool products of Kano. Services to over 1,500,000 monthly users on our website molten metal is poured into the mould and left to.... Closely inter-related in traditional African societies early culture which existed among the iron age called. First but by artists to impose identity from the outside heritage and creates.. Such as household utensils, but also figurines, shrines, decorative and.

Berlin After Ww2 Pictures, Submitting False Documents To The Court, Articles F