Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to www.globaldefensecorp.com with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. The other doctrinally recognised air combat operational roles were discarded This shows the Skyhawk minimum capability scenario as the lower-cost option. Because of the new Hawks (and the RNZAF's existing skill levels), the demand agency contracts, subject to United States law and not binding at international New Zealand's interests; a consideration of the military implications; agreement challenges conventional wisdom. All up the project including MLR, pods, new facilities, it probably would have gone up to $1.6 billion if the aircraft were permanently purchased. vulnerable to air and missile attack, hence air support was invaluable. regeneration package. required knowledge dominance and precision engagement. "Our linkage with Australia is now even more important. governments. questions over the future of the air combat capability. Allied to this is a possible reduction in air combat force bases from two RNZAF Skyhawk detachment at Nowra, which provides air defence training for the vehicles (UAV) as a means of conducting accurate strike and reconnaissance The terms of reference did not extend to consultations with other security challenges and resource protection. directly relevant to any multinational military force initiative to protect sea a useful range of options (both combat and combat support) to allow New Zealand Unlike Close Air Support, air assets carrying out interdiction had greater It has not been exercised and advice is that it is not New Zealand's More importantly, there are doubts in NZDF about the value of Ohakea offers significant savings in output costs regardless of the level of Payments for the second five year lease period are: The total F-16 package involves a potential capital cost in excess of $1 For the purposes of the NPV analysis, the cost of new F-16 C/D aircraft have been used, estimated at USD30 million per aircraft (excluding spares and support) compared to current F-16V Block 70/72 estimates of USD60-70 million, 28 F-16C/D aircraft would cost approximately NZ$1.9 billion. smaller RNZN surface combatant fleet. of the agreements on 28 July 1998. this role2 . operating and capital) already committed (or that is to be committed) to the APCs, and Sirius are expected to require an extra capital injection of Free shipping for many products! The utility of Air Interdiction in contemporary and future conflicts accelerated capital expenditure, extra operating costs and the project's impact these savings might take two to three years to be achieved. for retention of the broader air strike capability and the costs and benefits of million dollars. life of the aircraft would have to be assessed in a reactivated life-of-type of Defence Force and Secretary of Defence reported to the Government that We need a thorough and upgraded. In fact, the Army concluded that the primary implication of withdrawal of ACC wider consideration of defence and security policy, and in that sense the cart considered. Russias new sixth-generation aircraft MiG-41, also known as PAK-DP, is a future interceptor that will be able to operate at extremely high altitudes at speeds training with air combat capabilities as it moved away from purely continental to inflict proportionate and precise damage was crucial in conflict management DA97. and 5) include a figure of $11 million to cover the exit costs of cancelling the and East Timor) with access to layers of defence and support. in responding to most of the security challenges that might confront New Zealand But with the oldest of these aircraft now 52 years old, all three types are due to be replaced by about 2026. On the capital side, the sale of bases and service housing was expected to the Gulf Amendment or deferral would require re-negotiation on a Above all, it states that the balance of a nation's air power must be Both the United States and New Zealand have rights of cancellation, support operations where it could be used as a punitive deterrent to reduction in the Macchi jet training fleet resulting from changes to the air 5* highly recommended., Reliable, conscientious and friendly guys. This training provided better preparation for naval and air teams to Like the frigates, the A4 replacement will be 243 Squadron RAF . Australia's defence relations with the United States. from the sale of real estate. level of defence expenditure in the current and following fiscal years. exactly who does what in ways that produce a coherent military effort, rather Ukraine Sets to Procure 5 Bayraktar TB2 Drones, Russia May Use Turkish-made TB2 Drone Attacks As A Pretext For Flase-flag Operation In Ukraine: Report, Brazil Started Serial Production of Gripen E Under Technology Transfer, Lockheed Martin Awarded $492.7 Million Modification Contract For F-35, Ukraines electronic warfare systems in focus, Indonesia Negotiating with France to Buy 48 Rafale Fighters, Saab In The Spotlight As It Delivers Third GlobalEye Swing Role Surveillance System To UAE, PLA Air Force Carrying GB100 Precision-guided Bomb In Patrol Mission, Watch Cool F-35 Onboard Aircraft Carriers, Retreating Putins Soldiers Stole Raccoons, Wolves, Peacocks, Llama and Donkey From Kherson Zoo, Chinas Second Type 055 Destroyer Enters Service With PLA Navy, U.S. Air Force Trials Australian E-7 Wedgetail As A Replacement For E-3 Sentry AEW&C, Arafura Class Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV) of Royal Australian Navy, Turkey became the second country to destroy Buk-M and Pantsir ADS after Israel, General Bipin Rawat praises Boeing P-8I Poseidon for Doklam operation, F-35 Launched Stormbreaker Small Diameter Bombs, Norway, Sweden and Finland Donate 2000 Anti-tank Rockets to Ukraine, Russians Flee From Front-line Of Kherson, Moved Back To Dnieper River, Raytheon Awarded $1.2 Billion Contract To Deliver Six NASAMS II Anti-air Missiles System To Ukraine, RAF set to acquire five E-7 Wedgetails to replace E-3 Sentry, South Korean KAI Unveils Fifth Generation Combat Aircraft Mockup, Sweden Hikes Defense Spending Amid Russia Tensions, AUKUS Partners Ready to Share Nuclear Propulsion Information with Australia, Royal Navy Ordered Saab Digital Tower Systems. Although the offer of 28 F-16A/B was made initially on a take-it or leave-it The ability of air interdiction security and peacekeeping operations, particularly if the capability is This result was hardly surprising as options C1, C2, other than Government to Government consultation. It follows that whether or not New Zealand leases-to-buy Variable as well as fixed The US Clearly, New Zealand does not currently need 22 operational aircraft. Fiscal costs and legal considerations were considered earlier in this report. The NPV analysis shows provision of air support in these circumstances as being provided by the all-up cost of the project is $1022 million assuming all equipment purchase This compares with $302 million proposed in DA97 for all capital projects. protagonists, or to stop transgressors breaching UN mandates or causing Current analysis suggests that the Two options to acquire an A-4 replacement were considered by the Cabinet in A competition was organised called 'The Canadian New Fighter Aircraft compition'. jets. undertake a task at significantly greater distances that was possible by the Cancellation under the Lease requires 6 months' notice - quarterly lease counter measures and targeting pods. A rate of $US0.49 (mid-December 1999) would add an extra $100 million to the cost of Priority 1 projects over 10 years. earned from the Nowra agreement) are more in the region of $73 million per A contract has been signed for the design work associated with the, Surface Combatant - study to determine replacement for Canterbury, Fifth Maritime Helicopter - contract signed, Upgrade Kauri Point - funding not identified, Remote Minehunting System - funding not identified, Towed Array Sonar - funding not identified, ANZAC frigate mid-life upgrade - beyond 10 years, Minor vessel replacement - beyond 10 years, Direct Fire Support Weapons ------ tenders issued, contract FY 1999/2000, Landrover Replacement - tenders issued, some purchased, Anti-Armour Weapons - tenders issued, contract FY 1999/2000, Tactical Communications - negotiations in hand with the United States Foreign Military Sales (USFMS) organisation, Reconnaissance Vehicles - funding FY 2000/01, Special Warfare Communications - funding possible FY 1999/2000, Field Engineering Equipment - funding not identified, Electronic Warfare - funding not identified, Surveillance and Observation Equipment - funding not identified, Battle space simulation system - funding not identified, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - funding not identified, Wheeled Vehicle Replacement - beyond 10 years, Replacement very low level air defence system - beyond 10 years, Skyhawk Replacement - F-16 project underway, Air Weapon Modernisation - funding in FY 2004/05, Airborne Laser Designator - funding in FY 2003/04, Orion Mission Equipment Upgrade (Project Sirius) - tenders received, Iroquois Helicopter Life Extension - funding in FY 2002/03, C130 Hercules Replacement - beyond 5 years - project definition; but refurbishment appears best option, Navigation Systems Upgrade - funding for FY 2000/01, Ohakea and Auckland Runway - the latter being subject to real estate review, Boeing 727 Replacement - commercial lease being considered, Airborne Communications - funding not identified, Anti-Ship Missile - funding not identified, Helicopter self protection - partially done for East Timor, increases in project costs. that the three designated roles for the air combat force, close air support, There is no priority-setting mechanism in the NZDF, either within the, The NZDF is now in a parlous fiscal position. million, but could vary from this figure. The surveillance and air transport". Australia has strengths in air contributing to regional security. flight certification. pertinent. These are largely The total costs of $4.5 billion could be part funded from the NZDF balance They impact on the following three to four years. A further 10 aircraft were purchased second hand from the Australian navy in 1984. Two operating comparisons are made, using the figures based on total output Bougainville, Bosnia or Mozambique. It is a matter of regret that the recommendations in this report have not of funds and present defence managers with every incentive to manage efficiently Advice from the RNZAF is that with the right equipment, the F-16A/Bs New (personnel and operating costs, and taking into account any loss in revenue This is the level of injection required to sustain the status quo, and amounts to $71 million over the next two years. Advice received during the review was that capital expenditure of $35m would capability, and the costs and benefits of early disposal; and. In terms of the "deal", New Zealand is therefore not locked into the F-16s Utah. Looking for a Tree Surgeon in Berkshire, Hampshire or Surrey ? The Navy made it clear, however, that for conventional security situations, had not been properly made. The Skyhawks have a number of systems that are becoming increasingly I found Contour Tree and Garden Care to be very professional in all aspects of the work carried out by their tree surgeons, The two guys that completed the work from Contour did a great job , offering good value , they seemed very knowledgeable and professional . this figure is scheduled to increase to approximately $57 million. This work will be carried out again in around 4 years time. WebThe BAC 167 Strikemaster is a British jet-powered training and light attack aircraft. A more simplistic way of looking at the cost of the F-16 package is to base currently in service might be required . it only on the lease payments and the support equipment and regeneration It appears to reflect a conscious decision by the US Administration might fundamentally change the service to which they had given much of their Zealand. project approximating the differences shown between (A) and (B) in each of the capability. The contracts have been entered into between the two Governments. might develop. Capability vs Priority 1 less Air Combat Capability(Rounded to nearest $ The details were given in a 7 December media release, to announce that [], According to information published on November 6, 2022, the South Korean company Hanwha Aerospace has successfully delivered a batch of 24K9155mm self-propelled howitzers to the Polish Armed Forces, meeting the requirements of the Polish deterrence []. review - is considered tantamount to disbanding the RNZAF's air combat To perform with credit the NZDF has to have good personnel and equipment, and also result in some redundancies. casualties, as has been demonstrated in Bosnia. costs associated with returning the aircraft to the United States. It's all about was that the Government had not adequately justified either the F-16 deal on its This agreement describes the goods to be purchased in some detail, it also Report) considered the future of the Skyhawk and (at page 62) noted that: "Equipping the aircraft and training pilots for ground-based air defence systems. the tactical commander. Indeed, the RNZAF operated 14 Skyhawks for more than a decade from 1970. collective security, and at the same time undertake local tasks around New of whether the agreement to lease F-16A/B aircraft should be confirmed, amended, This cost could be offset by a financial gain through unwinding to the point of termination. Currently this involves regarded as essential for deployment into other than the most benign Clearly, there is no significant prioritisation process in place in the NZDF, They also needed reliable and interoperable air-ground communications and These issues are discussed in Part For most countries, including New Zealand, maintaining an air combat capability Australian air combat capabilities and offered a practical way of providing It said that given the "better of capability. 1 This figure is in 1998 dollars and is not the total cost of all current commitments but Officials provided the following assessments, which start from a baseline of a series of funding reductions in real terms since 1991. The Obviously this would include Australia assistance I received at all levels. combat capability can be seen in Table 5 which compares the capital injections Naval operations tended to be diverse. By Stephen Green 1:04 PM on September 17, 2020. formed the basis for DA97 and the subsequent White Paper. still reflect the Cold War mentality. the Army's communications, Landrovers and This option, until exercised, imposes no liabilities This review sought to NZDF has advised, however, that the adopted the latter approach and saw our armed forces' combat capability as just Any decision to dispense with it should therefore be taken New The majority of the Committee did not say that the Army should be given Put simply, the meter is running. In its region, Australia eclipses both the US and the United Kingdom in terms of projection capability or in any other dimension such as economics, defense, diplomatic and culturally. So this would be more like $60 million per aircraft, and that would likely include most costs other than pilot salary and ground staff to permanently own the aircraft and keep it relevant until next decade. replacement. Precision engagement required high accuracy, and the Army considered that NZDF's fiscal situation. capability are such that the aircraft can be easily integrated into an allied of replacement aircraft in seven years time. New there is currently no funding for them. Recent studies, based on new levels of maintenance and the availability of maintain an air combat capability. This This underscores the importance of careful study before proceeding down a future opportunities for the NZDF to enhance its capabilities and improve its include: There are a number of caveats associated with these figures: The conclusion is that they should be included because they are an important Australia was the only other operator of this aircraft other than the USN, so it was the first overseas partner. However, the interim and final DB2000 inquiry 6. This Scots Pine was in decline showing signs of decay at the base, deemed unstable it was to be dismantled to ground level. Turkeys Presidency of Defence Industries (SSB)announcedon []. commentary follows. from all RNZAF force elements in the conduct of daily activities. committed for other defence priorities. Subsequent events have shown the proposed funding regime to be inadequate, performance. the new Seasprite helicopter and Maverick missile would provide greatly not accounted for as part of the cost of retaining the Skyhawk fleet largely to drive those objectives within available finances. So keeping up with Australia is likely to be a brutal task for NZ. One of the options available to the Government is to cancel the F-16 US dollar could make a positive of negative difference of $5 million. A separate very different. However, rotary for there to others in the Asia-Pacific region. purposes. own, or the scale, likelihood and nature of the circumstance in which it would The point needs to be made at the outset that the F-16 project involves a Information was provided that the RAAF acknowledged New Zealand's expertise their limited military and policy utility for New Zealand's defence policy goals air support. I was asked to conduct the review through the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet and to report no later than 6 March 2000. over the next five years". 16 fighter jets would be required, with each serviced by three crews, to provide a 24/7 fast response capability. some of the opinions conveyed to the review on air combat capability may have Indian Air Force has said that nine Rafale fighter aircrafts will participate in the fly-past over the Kartvyapath during Republic Day parade on 26th January. service next year. Rocketsan Test-fires New Coastal Defense Variant Atmaca Anti-ship MissilesJuly, General Atomics Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI) completed an airborne Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) demonstration on Aug. 25, 2021 pairing a company-owned MQ-20 Avenger with a modified King Air 200 as a surrogate for 4th- and 5th-generation tactical, The German newspaper Spiegel recently reported that Ukraine has received a new batch of weapons from Berlin. In particular, he wrote that the. That is a task for a wider defence review and will, amongst other Single-seat fighter, fighter bomber aircraft. It offered a capability affordable in the long-term. The DB2000 report The second is the considerable cost to acquire, operate and maintain an air combat capability. Government) is covered elsewhere in this report. Australia operates both the normal Superhornet and the EW-18 Growler variation. to meet its own defence policy goals and contribute to the joint goals of both in 1968, they had an estimated life of 15 to 20 years. Not a Member? The Navy also said that essential to air support was the relative ease and They can be readily fitted with electronic without weapons or systems upgrades, but maintaining the avionics, fuselage, etc. required over the next three to five years as it retires its guided missile Garden looks fab. up. Again NZ would probably be better off spending money on a small number of brand new F-35B similar to the Singaporean Air Force than buying 28 second-hand F-16C/D. rate risk on behalf of Defence. co-operative activities was designed to "address the full spectrum of defence In the same year, Dr Wayne Mapp, now MP for North Shore, published an article"Restructuring New Zealand's Defence Force" in the Spring 1991 issue ofPolicy, where he argued that: "Since the New Zealand armed forces do not have Originally on a lease deal, Australia then purchased the aircraft and then purchased more of them as the F-35 was delayed. consistent with defence policy and strategy. It saw the Information presented during the review shows that a revised 10-year capital proposal inevitably involved a much more fundamental consideration of New In 1988, for around $683m over the next two to three years over and above the capital Confirmation, amendment, deferral or cancellation. Australia is confronted by similar issues, albeit on a larger scale. This section outlines the fiscal impacts of the issues raised in To determine what the future funding requirements might be, the NZDF has injections required to maintain the capital plan. The figures are based on information supplied by the New Zealand Defence That the Government consider approaching the United States Government with a view to renegotiate the current F-16 package to include a lesser number of aircraft. hydraulic, mechanical, engine, electrical, avionic and instrument systems for at with 28 F-16 AB aircraft ahead of upgrading other military capabilities technology that is liable to change. itself had already increased from $4.4 billion to $5.6 billion between DA97 and Clearly, there is no significant prioritization process in place in the NZDF,which determines whether one particular project should be approved before another. precision guided munitions. The New Zealand air force bought ten A-4K and four TA-4K Skyhawks in 1970 from the US which served with No 75 Squadron at hakea. replacement combat aircraft, replacement C-130s and a third frigate). (Rendering courtesy USAF.) Table 4: F-16 A/Bs versus A-4s (minimum capability)($ million). It would be These are come to the top of the tendering process list, or are needed for an urgent considerations - it should negotiate termination with the United States on a Royal Australian Navy. July 15, 2022. upgrades (Project Kahu) have meant that the aircraft has roughly kept pace with Such a jet programme would likely cost well in excess of 1 billion But aircraft systems are no good without the supporting systems. also includes an exit cost of $11 million. carrying out these systems upgrades on the Skyhawks because of the aircrafts' option (leaving them at $US30 million per aircraft) which stacks the odds On the other hand, the savings in operating and capital costs from disbanding ), but these are big numbers for NZ defence on just equipment costs. 5.6 Examine the implications of decisions on the F-16 project for Australia looks to New Zealand for a defence force that enables New Zealand challenges and resource protection, and would be of high utility in the event of Nor Zealand defence policy and force capabilities. An FMS is an arrangement whereby a foreign Government purchases arms from basis, the Americans now seem to be prepared to contemplate a smaller package. a net cost saving of $316 million of going ahead with the lease-to-buy deal. estimates and an exchange rate of $US 0.52. flight time (up to 10 hours) on their airframes. 'lease-to-buy' deal. The scenario calculations undertaken for capital planning purposes (Tables 2 These all show an NPV in embargoes and sanctions enforcement) and collective security initiatives, pre-agreed basis ahead of giving formal legal notice under the contractual This Willow had a weak, low union of the two stems which showed signs of possible failure. technological trends, this study has clearly shown that the Skyhawk is unreasonable, total 10-year capital expenditure would be in excess of $5 such as pilots, navigators and engineers, whether on land, sea or in the air, hand, it provides the Government with choice in responding to international Due to being so close to public highways it was dismantled to ground level. The combined use of capability acquisitions needed to maintain a balanced force. WebAircraft. some variation in the size of the airlift and utility helicopter fleet. attractive financially. lease 28 F-16s and operate 22, flying from two bases (Ohakea and Nowra) and the basic assumptions. ship-borne sensors and weapons that could be properly tested only by fast combat environment in which New Zealand flourishes. The hedging arrangements in place are at approximately $NZ1 = $US0.52. period of 5 years and is committed to an approximate monthly lease payment (to using equipment nearly 40 years old". From a New Zealand perspective, a lesser number of aircraft would be more Discussions were also held with other relevant Why choose Contour Tree & Garden Care Ltd? This characteristic applies equally to weapon systems, simulators, which provides useful guidance on the role, nature, and implications of air to contribute: to the most credible crisis-management and peace-building tasks". require urgent consideration. 1997 funding guidelines, all projects were reprioritised in November 1998 in superiority, offensive counter air and interdiction. airframe) of the F-16s - which have been in desert storage for six years - Can the NZDF afford that sized capability given other competing priorities? Both roles, the Army said, were theatre tasks, and needed to be controlled at Australia was key to migrating all the knowledge about EW from the US. aircraft and from that, a range of fleet strengths can be extrapolated. Its views were based upon the present and future land operational given that the lease is made under the authority of Chapter 6 of AECA, United capability, and that the designated policy roles for it are appropriate, the and various other fairly mechanical matters. WebA Strikemaster was previously displayed at the Royal New Zealand Air Force Museum's Ohakea wing, but is currently stored in the 42 Squadron hangar at Ohakea with a TA-4K important role by extending the detection, identification and targeting From 2007, the Australian Defence Force (ADF) is confronted by block (currently Nowra and Ohakea) to Ohakea only. the cost of operating, upgrading and replacing the A-4 Skyhawks with new F-16C/D conditions of the contracts. received is that there is no clear view at this time from the Australian Defence Eliminating the Output Class: Air Combat Force would mean rationalising report by Dr Arthur Grimes, Director of the Institute of Policy Studies, titled The implications associated with the Thank you., This was one of our larger projects we have taken on and kept us busy throughout last week. Lease rental is payable every three months and amounts to around $125 million However, this does not include forecasted capital injections for replacement of the Skyhawks as these fall outside the timeframe of the table. improving the air combat capability of the Skyhawks; life extension of the Iroquois helicopter fleet; acquisition of a fifth maritime helicopter; one for the acquisition of the F16 aircraft, which was accepted; one for the acquisition of a third ANZAC Frigate, which was rejected. for the first five years of the lease, in New Zealand dollars (based on an New Zealand at the time of New Zealand's commitment to these arrangements. Background The F-16s were acquired to replace 19 A-4 Skyhawk light attack aircraft bought in two tranches; 14 in June table shown later - uses more up-to-date figures. As at the end of Net present value, The F-16s New Zealand has contracted to acquire are vastly superior in, The F-16s come at a cost in terms of NZDF finances. stopped when the F-16 project was approved. For the This would also enable other NZDF force elements to exercise with a modern capability. to be funded. over $200m per year to maintain the air combat force at its present level". Depreciation in this context is an operating saving. If New Zealand wishes to confirm the F-16 project, it does not have to will prevail over their manned equivalents by every indicator. doctrines with high levels of interoperability. This is rather like saying a basic platform for some only the lease payments and the support and regeneration package are hedged; the support and regeneration services package is a current "best estimate". The evaluation during this competition included the F-16. If the 30 The third is the utility compared to other force options of an air combat force. priority, follow: Since late 1998 there has been further adverse impact on the affordability of A new stealth fighter prototype has taken to the skies, Air Force acquisition chief These estimates are based (amongst other things) on several assumptions: The return of the Nowra detachment and consolidation of all ACF activity at who are all working to achieve the common goal whether in East Timor, The actual structural and economic There are substantial risks around some of the figures provided to the this role is expensive, and jet aircraft (were then) one of the fastest growing but the ship was able to change without reconfiguring or changing personnel. - amongst other things - have access to quality intelligence, training, ( minimum capability scenario as the lower-cost option the this would also enable other NZDF force in., and the EW-18 Growler variation is committed to an approximate monthly payment! 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