A Type III inflatable ramp is a small platform that may be fitted to allow easy access from, for example, an over-wing wing exit door to an area of structure from where descent can be achieved either by a separate slide or by jumping, depending on the height. Waste tank negative pressure is provided by cabin differential air when the aircraft is above ______. There should be checks of all equipment (vehicles, platforms, guard rails, harnesses, etc.) This allows for the prompt dispatch of the plane at one end, and an equally prompt disembarking process at the other. The left wing has We have established the mechanical means by which aircraft doors are kept shut, but there is another aspect to consider. Note that powered wheelchairs with a reclining seatback often require much more significant disassembly. Sometimes, this seems to happen by itself, as was reportedly the case with a Pakistan International Airlines ATR 42 while landing in Sukkur last year. Every type from fighters to helicopters from air forces around the globe, Classic Airliners The 737 was originally designed to fly to airports that weren't handling jet aircraft, so there was a set of airstairs that stowed under the L1 door. It also made inspection and work on the engines very easy. The distance from ground to belly is in the range of 188 to 208 cm for classical 747-s - except for 747SP, which stands taller, the landing gear of 747SP is higher and the underbelly is higher from ground than on 747 classic. 45 The CAA Safety Regulation Group (SRG) and HSE are both involved in enforcing existing legislation and standards at airports in line with their statutory responsibilities. Memorandum of Understanding between HSE and CAA, Access steps in use without guard rails on steps or upper platform, Position existing guard rails or take steps out of use until suitable guard rails are fitted, Ground handler reaching across unguarded gap at height to open/close aircraft door without suitable guard rails or personal fall protection, Adequately guarded access equipment or personal fall protection to be provided and used, with suitable training, Aircraft doors open and unguarded when passengers or workers on board aircraft, Door to be guarded/ protected or closed, or ground support equipment to be positioned outside aircraft to provide protection, Preventing falls from height from, or when opening or closing aircraft doors. Potassium 2.Smmol/L \ Ground to underbelly is 226 to 246 cm on SP. [5] Prior to inflatables, some passenger aircraft utilized canvas type slides which required the crew to undertake an extensive rigging procedure. The highest certified altitude of an airliner was Concordes 60,000 feet. What rights do airline passengers with disabilities have in Europe? These may be attached to the inside frame of the window exit, or located in a nearby storage locker. Figure 6. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? 2) the availability and adequacy of any existing fall protection measures including guarding and personal fall protection systems. for 500 U.S. gallons per minute (1,893 liters per To be suitable the assessment should consider the issues identified above. Emerald Airlines has taken over Aer Lingus' regional routes previously operated by Stobart Air. It also minimizes the risk of accidental opening. State the rationale for any abnormalities and identify any treatment needed. 11 There are 3 main types of aircraft door: 3) Upper deck doors (emergency evacuation). Signals must be clearly understood by all parties and there should be positive confirmation by a pre-agreed signal that the bridge is fully in position and the door can be opened. 54 Where inspectors consider that an airline has responsibilities for safety such as procedures for opening aircraft doors, they should contact the Transportation Section and airline Head Office lead PI to check the national situation before taking any enforcement action. (Maximum Potable Water pressure is provided by _________. Both slides and slide/rafts use non-explosive, inert gas inflation systems. Minimum theoretical pavement width for a 180 turn? So there has to be a balance, which is the reason for the fairly specific altitudes generally used by airliners. Tail Height: 18.5 Metres(60 feet 9 inches) 18.5 Metres(60 feet 9 inches) 18.6 Metres(61 feet 1 inch) 18.5 Metres(60 feet 8 inch) 18.5 Metres(60 feet 8 inch) . 1) The Work at Height Regulations 2005 SI 2005 No735, 2) SIM 05/2002/52 - Safe external access and working platforms at aircraft during maintenance, 3) SIM 05/2008/02 - Safe access to aircraft for catering operations, 5)OC 282/30- Inspection of fall arrest equipment made from webbing or rope, 6) OC 234/11 - Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations 1998, 7) INDG 367 Inspection of fall arrest equipment made of webbing or rope. Transportation Section can give further advice, if required. What are Special Service Request (SSR) codes? It is the responsibility of those involved in both organisations to liaise where they believe there may be a joint interest or need for clarification of responsibilities to ensure that such matters are dealt with effectively, and to ensure there is no conflict of responsibilities with the other organisation. Your reliance on this aircraft size information is at your own risk. There are also half-tie restraints which keep the inflating slide from drooping or blowing under the aircraft. One of the newest developments in evacuation slide technology can be found on the Airbus A380, which was developed by Goodrich Aircraft Interior Products. Taking the FWD entry door sill height as an example. More specifically, they are smaller than 25 inches. 42 The Work at Height Regulations 2005 address all work at height where a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury. When on Battery Power, which Dome light can be turned on? Both MUST be fully conversant with the signals or codes to be used. It also made inspection and work on the engines very easy. Everything from the Goodyear blimp to the Zeppelin, Night Photos The outboard armrest of each pilot seat is enlarged and has enhanced position controls to enable specific positioning of the armrest for uuse of the Side Stick. by users, inspections by competent persons, as well as any statutory inspections required by Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (LOLER). These include serious risks of injury if the emergency chute is accidentally activated, and falling from an unguarded door if there is no ground support equipment in place. How many video display units are installed in the cockpit? Anyway, I was curious about the ground height of the 757 in relation to the 737. Where immediate prohibition could cause significant health and safety or air safety risks, a deferred notice should be considered. The gauge works based on air pressure, according to the formula h = 18 400 log, where h is the height above the ground in metres, P is the air pressure at height h, and P is the air pressure at ground level. In such circumstances the use of personal fall protection equipment connected to a suitable anchorage point may be an acceptable solution, if there are no alternative means of protection. While HSE is aiming for maximum protection for ground workers at airports, the airlines responsibility for cabin crew must also be considered, with consistent procedures to facilitate training. Modern airliners are incredibly safe most of the time, but should something happen which means an emergency landing is required, high altitude gives the pilots much longer to sort things out and find a safe place to land. Have you ever witnessed an event in which an unauthorized attend has been made to open one? In the longer term we should be asking companies to come up with a programme and timetable for replacement or improvement of equipment where necessary. 20 These may be provided by the ground handler, the airport or the airline operator and should be designed to be compatible with the aircraft type, and to provide adequate protection from risk of falls. What is so special about the outboard arm rest on each pilot seat? The flight took off once all . Several factors contributed to the 767's doors having different operational characteristics to other aircraft. Steps should only be removed by ground handlers on positive instruction from authorised persons eg trained cabin crew or handling staff, according to the Turnround plan. It works as an independent system, requiring no action other than arming the door as per normal standard operating procedures. Approximately how high is the bottom of the cabin door from the ground? What is the reason for the low ride height of the 737, as I think it limits the length the fuselage can be stretched? According to Ask The Pilot, aircraft doors are held in place physically by "a series of electrical and/or mechanical latches." Moderators: richierich, ua900, PanAm_DC10, hOMSaR, Military Aircraft Where attachment points are on guard rails, the rails must be of sufficient strength to withstand foreseeable forces. FUEL RECEPTACLE GROUND HEIGHT Regardless of the position of the EMER light sw in the flight deck, the F/A sw can activate the Emergency Lights. But there are good reasons for how high planes fly. What is the height from the ground to the bottom of the cargo door on a KC-135? Doors Dimensions: Main Entry Door (front right): 34 by 72 inches It all makes sense when you know the reasons for it! 18 Passenger doors may be accessed via air bridges, mobile access steps or integral aircraft steps. receptacle ground height for the 787-8 and other Once the slide is separated, the slide remains attached to the aircraft by a mooring line. Photos taken by airborne photographers of airborne aircraft, Special Paint Schemes Employees using fall protection equipment should be trained in its safe use, including user equipment checks. The total fuel capacity for the 787-8 is 33,528 U.S. For thee A320, what is the "Minimum Theoretical Pavement Width for a 180 degree turn? 61 Where inspectors find failings of management systems such as: 1) absence of suitable risk assessments; and/or, 2) inadequate arrangements for planning, organising, control etc; and/or, 4) employees are not following safe practices while opening/ closing aircraft doors; and/or, 5) there is a lack of suitably guarded access equipment; and/or. To activate the slide, one must pull the front cover to a 90 degree angle, then pull the slide out so it is lying flat on the floor or door sill, open the emergency exit and kick or push it out. 28 If ground handlers access the aircraft via passenger doors to open the service door from the inside, procedures, communication and signals must be in use to protect both the worker inside the aircraft and any worker outside the aircraft door. [2] An evacuation slide is an inflatable slide that both allows people to descend safely from the exit and has a sufficiently high use rate to meet the evacuation timings. Can the aircraft be flown with the Cabin Surveillance System (CSS) inoperative? I'm surprised to see the door height of the 732 even lower than that of the 733/4! This is rarely used however, because the lanyard attached to the handle runs through the girt to the valve, which is several inches too short when the girt is extended fully. Interpret F.N. Advice or enforcement should be addressed to the parties best able to rectify an identified problem that is airport and/or airline and/or ground handler. Electrical anti-ice is operated for all flight operations to inhibit ice build up. foward galley cabin circuit breaker panel. A list of aircraft types and the dimensions of their cargo holds can be found below: Should the wheelchair require some minor disassembly to meet the size requirements of the cargo hold, airline staff are obliged to do this for you as per ACAA regulation 14 CFR 382.41 (h), provided you offer written instructions. Planes flying in approximately westerly directions have to fly at even altitudes. Photos taken by airborne photographers of airborne aircraft, Special Paint Schemes Boeing 747 Tail Height. Access to high loader vehicles or other access equipment should be restricted to authorised personnel and it should be clearly indicated that access is not allowed to unauthorised personnel such as other ground support workers or flight crew. Indeed, they often fly much lower than this. Wheelchairs that cannot fit upright in the cargo hold my be loaded and stored on their side, which is a recipe for significant damage to the wheelchair. Carriers may require that passengers wishing to have battery powered wheelchairs transported on a flight check-in one hour prior to scheduled departure. Methods of arming vary from aircraft to aircraft, but ultimately the girt bar (a metal bar attached to the door end of the slide) is physically attached to brackets either in or adjacent to the door sill. 62 The long term aim should be better designed access equipment, better guarding, and improved design of aircraft doors and their opening mechanisms. Door status is indicated on the ECAM DOOR page. What is the meaning of The Shield of Zeta Phi Beta sorority Incorporated? 6 Procedures and responsibilities for opening and closing aircraft doors often rely on cooperation and coordination between airline crew and ground handlers and should be included in the Turnround Plan and monitored by the Turnround Coordinator or Supervisor. This is why when you are on a long flight, you will generally hear the captain say something like, Ladies and gentlemen, we have now reached our cruising altitude of 36,000 feet. When activated, how long should the Emergency Lights last? The airline released a statement on . Safety features and proposed systems of work should be considered at the design stage to ensure that access equipment reduces the risk of falls so far as is reasonably practicable. The door is first cracked open then the stairs positioned. When the slide is in the armed position and the door is opened, the slide pack falls free of the door bustle (a semi-rigid outer container) and the weight and momentum of the slide pulls the lanyard from the valve, initiating the flow of gas. After this, some will swing to the side, whereas others retract towards or even into the aircraft's ceiling. We are looking for clear, consistent procedures, signals and communication which can be applied at all airports for each aircraft type, as far as this is possible. The . The air becomes thinner as the altitude increases, and thin air creates less drag on the aircraft. 1 While the numbers of falls from height reported to HSE at airports has decreased significantly over recent years, there is a potential for serious injury if safe systems of work and standards are not maintained. Steps or a platform must be in position outside the door before it is opened to provide protection from falling, and guard rails must be fully positioned as soon as the door is open. As soon as a plane lands and clears the active runway, the pilots receive taxi instructions from ground controllers. Folding or collapsible power wheelchairs that can fit into the cabins wheelchair stowage area must be stored there if the space is not already occupied by another wheelchair. 35 to 60 minutes, depending on the fuel pressure. gallons (126,917 liters). 's laboratory values. This damage can be classified as follows: They work on the Venturi principle, and draw outside air into the evacuation unit at a rate of about 500:1. Aircraft doors are designed to be used on the ground, where they are not subjected to the pressure difference found at altitude. Short hops or longer routes - the E190 has the versatility to go the distance. An airplane altimeter is a gauge that indicates the height of the plane above the ground. Such nets or restraint systems must be adequately tested and secured. AASI JETCRUZER. If not. This may, for example, involve lifting up the flap on the girt bar, and pulling the detach handle. When he tired of the cracking and got ready to do some eating, he discovered he had 194 total pieces (whole nuts, shell halves, and kernels). TRUE/ FALSE. This costs the industry millions in lost revenue every year, estimated at $20 million in North America by cabin crew alone.[12]. Contravention of the ANO or any Regulations made under it is a criminal offence. Most airline passengers simply accept the fact that passenger jets fly very high. But there are good reasons for how high planes fly. 3) the work that is being done, for instance whether it involves handling awkward or heavy loads, the suitability of platform or step design. Depending on Aircraft Gross weight and strut compression, the 1) apply the standards detailed in this SIM when inspecting or discussing opening aircraft doors; 2) alert the Transportation Section to any problems which arise from applying these standards, or any of the other advice contained in this SIM; 3) draw to the attention of the Section any new or innovative means of gaining safe access or fall protection; 4) advise CAA of any matters of concern relating to the safety of aircraft uncovered during inspections or investigations; 5) inform the Transportation Section when contacting CAA to raise an issue of concern. These include the Boeing 767, Boeing 757, and Airbus A320-series aircraft. To avoid rapid depressurization, it is paramount that these structures cannot be breached inflight. This is why when you are cruising in an airliner, it is usually bright and sunny, with all the cloud and rain below you. Chloride 103 mEq/L \ These are usually cylindrical, hollow aluminum tubes with sliding cylindrical or internal flapper doors that open when high pressure gas is applied, and close when the gas stream subsides and the internal slide back pressure reaches about 2.5 - 3.0 psi. As the operation and design of such steps are part of the aircraft design, safe operation is dependent on training and competence of cabin crew. . The entire, self-contained slide pack is approximately 3ft (0.91m) wide, 2.5ft (0.76m) long and about 1ft (0.30m) high, depending on aircraft type. Passing through an aircraft door represents the start or end of one's time onboard an aircraft. Clear procedures and signals should be used to open the door. 34 Employees involved in airside operations must receive specific training on airside safety awareness, vehicle and aircraft familiarisation, aircraft approach and full use of safety features and procedures, including relevant turnaround plans, whilst servicing aircraft. Airplanes such as the Embraer 145 family, Fokker 50 family, Antonov An-148 family, ATR family and the Bombardier CRJ family do not have escape slides because all exits are at a distance from the ground (less than 6 feet (1.8m)), below which evacuation assisting devices are not required by regulations. Powered wheelchairs andscooters almost always have to be stored underneath the airplane in the cargo hold. After all, inward-opening cargo doors would reduce the available space for a freight aircraft's goods. Both military and civil versions, Blimps / Airships All large commercial aircraft have escape slides on the main doors but some also have slides for exits over the wings. In addition, jet engines operate more efficiently at high altitudes, meaning the plane can travel faster while at the same time burning less fuel. [9] Certain slides on board the aircraft have the Tribrid Inflation System, which is connected to a sensing system within the door. With this much traffic, there has to be some official arrangement to make sure collisions do not happen, and there is. Typically, aircraft fly around 35,000 or 36,000 feet above sea level. 60 Given the potential for injury it is essential that a suitable and sufficient risk assessment is carried out. Also, new units are usually constructed of urethane materials and impregnated or coated with an aluminized coating so that the slide will survive for a short while even if fire is nearby. Beautiful shots taken while the sun is below the horizon, Accidents CAA is tasked with investigating and enforcing under the Air Navigation Order (ANO) and with in-flight health and safety of crew under The Civil Aviation (Working Time) Regulations 2004. As well as being held in place by its latches, the door is effectively sealed by the pressure difference between the plane's cabin and the air outside it. 15 Aircraft doors should only be operated by door trained personnel such as trained ground staff, cabin crew, engineers or other competent workers. It is probably not really safe for them to be much above 10,000 feet. I know they had smaller engines, but surely that fuselage must've been really close to the ground?. Journalist - A graduate in German, Jake has a passion for aviation history, and enjoys sampling new carriers and aircraft even if doing so demands an unorthodox itinerary. a fueling panel with two receptacles, each rated (379 kilopascal). Be sure to read my blog post on how to prevent damage to power wheelchairs on airplanesand also the FAQ article, 4 ways to prevent wheelchair damage in air travel. Once made of steel, most cylinders now are made of aluminum or alloy cores wrapped with fiberglass, or other lightweight, fuel saving materials. 9 Airlines have the ultimate responsibility for procedures for opening their aircraft doors. The 787-8 is equipped with eight passenger entry Some Russian-built aircraft like the Tupolev Tu-154 have a very complicated process to activate and deploy the slides. height: 13'2 - 4.01 mtr Below the link to the Boeing manual: http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/757_23.pdf Regards, Marcel van Noordenne Reply AZguy says: November 14, 2017 at 09:02 does not give the interior width Reply Another unique type of evacuation slide is found on the DC-9 family of aircraft and its successors the MD-80 and Boeing 717. . 7 Inspectors should be aware of existing industry guidance on opening aircraft doors: 8 When an aircraft door is opened this operation should preferably be performed with a wide platform which allows the door to open within the confines of the area protected by guardrails. 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