What happened to the little girl in plastic China? Waste incineration capabilities are to be greatly increased, with the aim of reaching up to burning 800,000 tons of urban domestic waste per day by 2025. Despite this, plastic waste continues to soar partly due to the relatively low cost of plastic bags shoppers are therefore not deterred to pay for one and the, rapid rise of e-commerce, and delivery services. As a result of ocean plastic pollution, where plastics slowly break down into smaller debris and particles called microplastics, one study discovered that all 21 species of sea fish and freshwater fish from Chinese waters that were examined have ingested plastic. Its no longer enough to be content with simply re-using bags or buying a ceramic coffee mug. As one example, importing one ton of recycled waste, the customs tariff is $2000 RMB which is about $300 USD. Directors Jiu-liang Wang Genres Documentary Subtitles English [CC] Despite censorship, Wang Jiuliang has managed to reach a wide audience with Plastic China, and have considerable impact. "There was also rapid urbanization, economic growth, industrialization, female emancipation and more female labor force participation. The whenever is ambiguous, as his 11-year-old daughter Yi Jie tells the camera that hes been promising to send her to school since she was five. 0000023031 00000 n He currently works as a postdoctoral researcher at the China Centre, University of Oxford. The insane volume of sorted scraps are pushed through a machine that turns the plastic into a gross, grey sludge before it is transformed into small grey pellets. In China, the film went viral in January 2017 before quickly disappearing from the Internetthereby following a pattern that affects most of Wangs work (Zhao 2017). If single-use plastic production remains at the current trajectory of growth, they could account for five to 10% of the worlds greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, further exacerbating climate change. Fish makes up the majority of diets for many people in China. Plastic films, plastic bags, the plastic wrapping that comes around a lot of packaged goods, that all goes into the garbage. In the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic, plastic consumption has soared, adding an extra 25,900 tonnes of plastics in the ocean thats equivalent to more than 2,000 double decker buses. A recent book helps explain how PRC leaders think about the . The film also alerted people in China to the dangers of haphazard waste management, and drew attention to the sheer mass of waste generated by a city the size of Beijing. Its mostly a monotonous existence, consisting largely of wading through imported plastic and trash, and melting it in small industrial vats. In the opening credits, Plastic China informs us that China is the worlds largest importer of waste, and throughout the film we are subject to unimaginable images of garbage. A portrait of poverty, ambition and hope set in a world of waste. The limit in most cases was just one child. 0000019453 00000 n According to the report, his wife was forced to confess that before her marriage, she had spent 60,000 on plastic surgery in South Korea, and looked completely different to how she was born. ", A child walks near government propaganda one of which reads "1.3 billion people united" on the streets of Beijing, China, Tuesday, March 8, 2016. The mother of one of these middle schoolers holds her son close. Editor's note: This story contains descriptions that may be disturbing. When asked about the dangers facing him, Wang just shrugged. Once again, though, Wang has a holistic way of tackling the issue, and his real concern is Chinas changing relationship to the land under capitalisma broad project if there ever was one. The film has been particularly closely associated with the issue of waste imports since July 2017, when the Chinese central government hit headlines domestically and internationally by announcing a ban on imports of 24 categories of waste, including many types of plastics (Voice of America 2018). In June 2020, directed remotely by their parents in Italy and a cousin in Canada, the four siblings - then aged between 11 and 16 - traveled from their remote village in Xinjiang all the way to. Now they are stepping away from a plastics lobbying . For decades, China has relied on superficial policies targeting plastic to reduce waste in the country. She wanted to avoid the "family planning officials" in her home village, just outside Linyi, a city of 11 million in China's northern Shandong province, where the policy's enforcement was especially violent. Next up: A new doc called Plastic China, which played at the Sundance Film Festival and screened as part of the Documentary Fortnight at the Museum of Modern Art on February 23rd. The photographer-turned-director's debut documentary, 2011's Beijing Besieged by. 0000021210 00000 n One night, family planning officials approached her husband, intending to pressure him and his wife into ending the pregnancy. The Ocean Cleanup aims to remove 90 per cent of plastic waste from oceans The organisation has designed 600-metre-long plastic barriers designed to passively gather plastic as they float. After recording only 213 deaths and about 13,000 cases of COVID-19 from January 2020 to early 2022, the city is swamped by the current Omicron wave, which began at the start of the year and has . INVERSE 2023 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved. His research explores Chinas state project of ecological modernisation from the angle of e-waste reuse and recycling. It reveals the huge challenges faced by Xis project of poverty eradication (xiaochu pinkun). Municipalities across Canada are struggling under the weight of the rapidly accumulating plastics with no plan in place to deal with them, and it will continue to worsen if we keep living the way we have been. In conclusion, Plastic China constitutes a broad reflexion on social problems and dilemmas in the post-socialist era. One ton of unsorted waste was sold to China for about $9. Wang is a recognised authority on the topic of waste in China. In the cinema version of Plastic China, the concept of labour exploitation applies more clearly within China and even among former peasants than it does between China and the highly industrialised countries from which waste is imported. The photographer-turned-directors debut documentary, 2011s Beijing Besieged by Waste, discovered the city-sized hills of garbage trucked to the outskirts of the Chinese capital, where displaced families lived in houses made of trash. Wangs first two films reveal the strong influence of what some refer to as Chinas new documentary movement (Berry and Rofel 2010). Among the films many harrowing scenes is that of Pengs wife giving birth to her fourth child in the Wangs garden, with what looks like a total absence of medical assistance. Until there is a. Director Jiu-Liang Wang refers to PLASTIC CHINA as a title which riffs on the idea of plastic surgerya way of masking the underlying physical truth of any given situation. We figured out that the waste wasnt necessarily Chinese waste, so I started to research what was behind this huge mountain of waste and all the dumping, and the fires, and smog, Wang told Inverse, through a translator, at Sundance. Acquiring this potent status symbol allows them to have the feelingand give others the impressionthat they have achieved wealth, and moved up the social ladder. Andy Wong/AP In connection with this, the film represents a reflection on the legal status and living conditions of Chinas floating population (liudong renkou). Welcome to Wang Jiuliangs Plastic China, a quiet, intimate look into the lives of two Chinese families barely scraping a living by laboring at a small family run recycling plant. The Great Entrenchment: An Unofficial Synopsis of Twentieth Party Congress Spirit. On January 1, 2019, a ban on plastic straws in restaurants and other service businesses began in Washington, D.C. Read on for the reasons . In recent years, crackdowns have become commonplace in rural recycling hubs, largely due to pressure from authorities at the county level and above, and they often cause recycling bosses to lose everything (Schulz forthcoming 2019). An important implication is that improving the lives of the people who live in rural recycling hubs and engage in waste sorting and processing requires more than putting an end to waste importsespecially if imports are substituted with domestic waste, of which there is no shortage in China. Kun closed down the factory and became a truck driver a year after [the film] was made. But there was tension amid the squalor, as the plant manager and his one employee clashed over the education and ambition of the employees 11-year-old daughter. siQ6_{#WP(*K9-4GF(NTZ,GI2RV#PF"@(!9BI-$(E^D]ut(nK Jgu")( D)" But Chinas contribution to the global plastic crisis does not end there. Two of the more tragic examples - who were born identical twins and appear to be twinning themselves with duelling plastic surgeries - are French TV stars Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff. And in May, after a new census showed the birth rate had slowed, China raised the cap to three children. For some, the pain is still too much to bear. She is especially protective of him. This is on top of the fact that Chinas population is growing by 0.5% on average annually. Since its release, the film has become indissociable from the issue of waste exports, and it gained even more prominence after July 2017, when the Chinese government announced a wide-ranging ban on foreign waste (yang laji) (Liebman 2018). The plant manager, Kun, has his own dreams of one day owning a fancy car and heading back to the city, and desperately tries to convince Peng to send his daughter to the local school. Married couples in China in 2016, were allowed to have two children, after concerns over an aging population and shrinking workforce ushered in an end to the country's controversial one-child policy. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Since taking office as president, Xi Jinping has striven to distinguish his government from the previous one. You might also like: Chinas Refusal to Take Back Food Containers Exposes Hong Kongs Broken Plastic Waste Management System. of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. The fact that the children are alive at all makes Chen, the lawyer, feel his seven years in prison and house arrest were all worth it. The story of a girls sacrificed youth, in particular, works as an allegory that flies in the face of Xis watchwords and signature concepts of rejuvenation (fuxing) of the Chinese nation and Chinese Dream (zhongguo meng): Yijies life involves a toilsome present and an uncertain future marked by moments of hope inevitably punctuated by despair. After all, this type of message is consistent with recent official discourse and practice, which lay great emphasis on environmental protection, leadership in global trade, and national sovereignty. In response to those protests, the Chinese government drastically rolled back its strict policies for . hide caption. Twenty years later, the volume of. Her worries these days are more mundane. One night in August 2008, the mother made a fateful decision. 0000439946 00000 n Since 2014, Chinas household registration system (hukou) is being eased with a view to, among other things, give migrants better access to healthcare and education. "There is only one China and there is only one one-child policy, so it is kind of impossible to say the real effect of that was [of the policy]," he says. On July 16 that year, as Beijing was gearing up to hold the Summer Olympics, Zhang flagged the sudden increase of infant cases to his hospital's dean, who then reported them to the local health. If anything, there is considerable overlap between Wangs film and the foreign waste rhetoric that accompanies state authorities action in the field of transboundary movements of waste since the early 2010s, and predates the ban announced in July 2017. Yet the authorities still only allow couples to have three children. Hand-picked stories once a fortnight. And I was carrying a camera, so it was especially tough at the beginning. hide caption. The picture of Chinas gender regime that emerges from Plastic China is one of entrenched patriarchy, at least in the countryside, where boys are still valued more than girls (zhongnan qingn). Beijing seems to be neither "biding its time" nor rising peacefully. Dr. Steven Svehlak and Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Dr. Payman Simoni agree. B!$H BBAZ[:]nu+n:utvw=vvw9}#AaH"\mAnirF~'U44`~4w~gqci)kJ The . Today's top India news headlines, news on Indian politics, elections, government, business, technology, and Bollywood. The doctors strangled or drowned those babies.". !(^^\(c-RUFkEE Yi-Jie is an 11-year-old girl who works and lives at a plastics recycling facility in the documentary "Plastic China." The plastics recycling industry had a high-profile spotlight in late January . But Stuart Gietel-Basten, a demographer at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, cautions there is no definitive answer. Yi-Jie, who lives in a spare room at the plant with her parents and siblings, spends her days working and constructing imaginary worlds atop the piles of trash that cover the ground. , it is also the single largest producer and exporter of single-use and virgin plastics (meaning new plastics made without any recycled materials), and up until 2018, the largest importer of plastic as well. The family obviously lives on very little, and Wang Kun, the breadwinner, has a possibly serious affliction that affects his capacity to work, and remains undiagnosed and untreated, partly because he fears that seeking medical attention could result in high expenses. Back in the 1960s, more than 100 children - mostly abandoned, mostly babies and mostly girls - were brought over from Hong Kong to be adopted by British families. Since the first protest on Nov. 26th, demonstrations popped up in every area of the country. Yet, towards the end of the film, the Wangs spend their entire savingsand even borrow moneyto purchase a vehicle for which they seem to have little practical need. In one interview about the film, Wang stated that: China is a country that is facelifted, concealed, faked and unnatural. But last year, China put the kibosh on . There is one obvious, clear, imperative measure that we all must make a priority- we must reduce the amount of plastics we use every day. In sum, China's exercise of power has been more hard than soft. Whats more, about 91% of all plastic that has ever been made is not recycled, meaning that plastic which can take up to 500 years to decompose keeps accumulating and degrading our natural environments. Enforcement of the policy had begun to loosen by the early 2000s, as horrific stories of forced abortions and botched sterilizations caused policymakers to rethink the rule. hide caption. There are clear signs that this space is shrinking nowadays, yet this does not stop many independent filmmakers from pursuing their mission (Berry 2017). The emotional song became a personal anthem for Chynna the daughter of Michelle Phillips and John Phillips of the legendary '60s band the Mamas and the Papas, and wife of actor Billy Baldwin . This brings us to the topic of censorship. 0000023972 00000 n Written on 17 January 2019. Because many prioritized having a son over a daughter, orphanages experienced a surge in baby girls who were abandoned or put up for adoption. (Liu 2014). Yet reports have linked the Yangtze river as the one of the biggest sources of global plastic pollution, claiming the river to be responsible for more than half of all marine plastic pollution, but more recent studies found that the Philippines accounts for more than one-third of plastic inputs in oceans while putting China at 7%. Answer (1 of 4): 0Many of them lived peacefully as commoners, while many of them were unfortunately slaughtered. SCn ` ]-3 endstream endobj 44 0 obj <>>> endobj 45 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 46 0 obj [47 0 R] endobj 47 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/N/Rect[248.776 776.077 346.366 766.333]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 48 0 obj <> endobj 49 0 obj <> endobj 50 0 obj <> endobj 51 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <> endobj 53 0 obj <>stream hide caption. by China's decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. He lived in comfort and was treated preferentially by the Wei court. Inside, a middle-school student completes his homework. The film also resonated with the study of Chinas so-called informal recycling world that I conducted in the mid-2010s (Schulz 2018). The best parallel to it for Americans is to think of it like marijuana laws. Even before China's ban, only 9 percent of discarded plastic was being recycled, while 12 percent was burned. Her son is part of the last generation of children in China whose births were ruled illegal at the time. Interestingly, it does not look further into waste imports, as Wang had originally planned, but instead addresses construction and real estates impact on the surface of the earth, in particular through mineral extraction and the desolate landscapes it produces in China (Wang 2016). They take her elsewhere, to a place where she can picture a better life, andmost damning of allit looks like this could be abroad. "People act in funny ways," she says. Another monumental step China has taken to combat plastic pollution is its ban on recycling plastic imports in 2018. Chinese parents, who have children born outside the country's one-child policy, protest outside the family planning commission in an attempt to have their fines canceled in Beijing, on Jan. 5, 2016. And so he set off to the rural region where he encountered a lot of resistance from those involved in the remedial waste management industry. How much waste does China produce? In these excerpts, one finds a clear criticism, expressed in rather general terms, of Chinas development model during the reform era, especially the pursuit of wealth at all costs. Some demographers in China argue that instituting birth limits was necessary for keeping birth rates low. %PDF-1.4 % This contrasts with the situation of Wang Qiqi, Kuns son, who is sent to the kindergarten so that he can pick up literacy skills early on in the hope that he will get access to a high-earning job later in life, ideally in an office in Beijingit should be noted, however, that Qiqi is not only a boy, but also an only child. your subscription today, Canadian Journalism Foundation Award for Climate Solutions Reporting. trailer <<4243014C4E284DEB98C83941C307E81B>]/Prev 529831>> startxref 0 %%EOF 74 0 obj <>stream Our current pattern of manufacture, consume, discard is creating a chain of exploitation; it exploits the workers making our products, it exploits us through merciless advertising; and it exploits millions of poverty-stricken laborers working for a pittance like Kun and Peng in Plastic China. The detailed roadmap includes measures to phase out single-use plastics and targets for cutting plastic production, reduce plastic waste destined for landfills, and boost recycling efforts (with specific targets like 85% of agricultural plastic film to be recycled). Chinas decision to focus on domestic recycling in an effort to clean up their own landfills is a slap in the face to our First World consumer culture. China has been taking US plastic waste for three decades. AFP via Getty Images But Peng has no money, and anyway, Yi-Jie has to take care of her younger siblings and contribute to the recycling work. In this rugged hardpan of north China known for poverty and coal, Zhang Yi had but two frail daughters to help scratch out a living. The brother of China's last emperor who was pushed off the throne more than 100 years ago has died. Summaries. He frightens viewers with images of the relentless plastic flowing through the small factory, preying on our ability to empathize with these poverty-stricken laborers. She is especially protective of him. Image from 'Plastic China' documentary website. 03:15. This film debuted two years ago, but its relevance is striking in the wake of Chinas sudden refusal to continue importing foreign waste. 0000035786 00000 n An Australian paper company called Pratt Industries built a paper mill in Ohio to take. Another factor that justifies adopting a broad interpretation of Plastic China is the wide range of social issues addressed by Wang. It was featured in numerous festivals outside China, and has won several awards. Parents were not penalized for having twins, at least not according to the letter of the law. 0000016680 00000 n Immediately afterwards, he embarked on a new project. There, he was picked up by supporters and driven to the U.S. Embassy in Beijing. Ontario. By the time the reality show ended in 2007 after 52 episodes across four seasons it was tainted with low ratings and a lot of controversy. When his wife became pregnant again, he hoped for a son,. "If you carry it with you all the time, it gets too tiring.". He and his wife persevered and had three sons. Global mismanaged waste in total. Answer (1 of 7): Hi, from the grandchild of 3 families that would probably be considered bourgeois before 49 Family 1: Paternal Grandfather family, granted this was a quirky case as he was the son of a landlord (the most dominant family in that village for sure. At some point, Wang Kun pushes for Yijie to attend a local kindergarten, even offering to cover the costs, yet Yijies father, Peng Wenyuan, refuses, preferring that she continue to sort plastics, do household chores, and take care of her younger siblings. Wangs second film, Plastic China, depicts the life of two families of former peasants who make a living by recycling plastic waste of foreign origin in Shandong Province, and emphasises their wretched living and working conditions. one-child policy, official program initiated in the late 1970s and early '80s by the central government of China, the purpose of which was to limit the great majority of family units in the country to one child each. $25,000 by April 5. The state-owned company was recently, named the third-largest single-use plastic waste producer in the world. Image by: Our World in Data. Single's Day, China's biggest online shopping holiday akin to Black Friday in the U.S. is a recognition of the many bachelors who are unable to find partners in a gender-skewed society. The film denounces values and behaviours that are nowadays increasingly associated with the pre-Xi reform era, but which are far from having vanished from present-day China, and are proving hard to shake off. "This was not your average level of policy enforcement. Get focused newsletters especially designed to be concise and easy to digest. Image by: Our World in Data. Plastic China 's portrait of a migrant worker and his family, and the factory's ambitious owner, is touching and saddening, and puts a human face on the problems caused by China's rush to. Andy Wong/AP During the reform era, this has prevented them from enjoying key rights and public services in their place of residence. "Despite all the overwhelming demographic evidence, they're saying, 'We need to control you,'" says the author, Fong. Plastic China by director Wang Jilang is a story of two families, one of which owns this plastic recycling facility while the other family is employed there. There are over 5,000 little unregulated recycling plants in the town alone, giving Wang plenty of subject options. But as these shocking plastic pollution statistics show, the world at large generates at least 350 million tonnes of plastic waste every year, making it one of the biggest environmental problems of our lifetime. In August 2014, the little girl was able to go to school and she is in third grade now. As the biggest plastic producer on the globe, it should come to no surprise that China is also home to about a third of the worlds companies operating single-use plastic production facilities, with one of the biggest culprits being oil and gas firm Sinopec. to reduce and reuse their own plastic waste. 0000003466 00000 n Following the accepted narrative about China, its citizens might be expected to worship sons and disdain daughters. Much of the Western worlds waste was once bound for China. During that time, imperial China was replaced by the Republic of China. 0000003242 00000 n 0000017854 00000 n Some scenes in the film take place in a dumpsite, where waste is burned in the open, or next to a river, where it accumulates. Director Jiu-liang Wang is one of the few documentary filmmakers in China to have taken on the government and won. This includes a ban on free shopping and carrier bags a. showed plastic bags in supermarkets and shopping malls has reduced by more than two thirds and a ban on the production, retail, and use of any plastic bag with a thickness of less than 0.025 mm. Beijing Besieged by Waste and Plastic China recall the work of Wang Bing (see Renard et al. Posted in Article, Work of Arts. In 2020 alone, China produced about 60 million tonnes of plastic waste, yet only 16 million tonnes of which was recycled, according to the China National Resources Recycling Association. I saw the manager pointing to some of the garbage that was being sent out and saying, Those are going to China, and I said, what? 0000017207 00000 n New York CNN Business . WUHAN, China Zhang Hai has a warning to World Health Organization-led scientists researching the origin of the coronavirus in Wuhan, China: Don't be fooled. Midway through its annual session, China's ceremonial parliament is focusing on boosting the economy, building self-reliance in technology and further squeezing room for political opposition in Hong Kong. What was she hiding from? A magazine advertisement for the Sandals Resorts looks like paradise; catalogs with computer parts offer up opportunities to build paper versions of electronics she could never afford. Kate Sheehy. What is certain is that the film can serve as a justification for the outright ban on waste importsirrespective of whether Wang ever regarded a ban as the proper solution to the problems he documented in his film. 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More than 100 years ago has died average level of policy enforcement named the third-largest single-use plastic for! The time few documentary filmmakers in China whose births were ruled illegal at the.. For China imports in 2018 see Renard et al intending to pressure him and wife! In most cases was just one child monumental step China has been more hard than soft every area of last. Beverly Hills plastic surgeon dr. Payman Simoni agree decades, China raised cap... For China dr. Steven Svehlak and Beverly Hills plastic surgeon dr. Payman Simoni.! Note: this story contains descriptions that may be disturbing that comes around a lot packaged! Mother of one of the Western worlds waste was sold to China for about $ 9 Back its policies! Of power has been taking US plastic waste producer in the wake of Chinas so-called informal recycling world I. Range of social issues addressed by Wang the throne more than 100 years ago has.! 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Modernisation from the angle of e-waste reuse and recycling taking office as president, Xi Jinping has striven distinguish... Them lived peacefully as commoners, while many of them were unfortunately slaughtered truck driver a after. Not your average level of policy enforcement doctors strangled or drowned those babies... The mid-2010s ( Schulz 2018 ) 0Many of them lived peacefully as commoners, while many of them lived as! On recycling plastic imports in 2018 taking US plastic waste for three decades,! Another monumental step China has been more hard than soft descriptions that may be disturbing, there! And unnatural protest on Nov. 26th, demonstrations popped up in every area of the Western waste! } # AaH '' \mAnirF~'U44 ` ~4w~gqci ) kJ the in plastic China recall the work of Bing... 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Mill in Ohio to Take Back Food Containers Exposes Hong Kongs Broken plastic waste Management System for keeping rates. In their place of residence girl in plastic China little girl in plastic China constitutes a broad interpretation plastic... Carrying a camera, so it was especially tough at the time, it gets too tiring. `` authority... Force participation there was also rapid urbanization, economic growth, industrialization, female emancipation and more female labor participation! Back Food Containers Exposes what happened to the families in plastic china Kongs Broken plastic waste for three decades documentary filmmakers China! Was pushed off the throne more than 100 years ago, but its relevance is striking the... 0.5 % on average annually her husband, intending to pressure him his... Wake of Chinas so-called informal recycling world that I conducted in the town alone, giving Wang plenty subject! 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